The Power and Control wheel is a framework to understand FDV experiences of CALD women, including refugee and migrant women, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in Western Australia. This wheel is adapted from the original Duluth Model.
The inner most circle, labelled ‘Power and Control,’ represents the core of violence experienced by CaLD women. The second layer that follows outlines the specific categories of violence that CaLD women directly experienced: social and community isolation, economic and financial violence, emotional violence, visa vulnerabilities, and fear and uncertainty of the present and future. These categories were either used directly or indirectly as tools by perpetrators to exert power and control, and the broader context of the pandemic may have intensified their FDV experiences. The third layer highlights systemic factors that either enabled FDV or created barriers to help-seeking during the pandemic. The outermost layer captures the broader experience of the COVID-19 pandemic, including how it has shaped the lives of CaLD women and their families. For some, the pandemic amplified the impact of FDV, while for others, it appeared to lessen its effects.
Please contact Professor Jaya Dantas at jaya.dantas@curtin.edu.au for any queries and interest for collaboration.